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/Title (Knowing-through-Making in Chemistry and Biology: A Study of Comparative Epistemology)
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/Subject (The epistemological idea according to which knowledge can and perhaps must be gained by the making of something new, has played a central role in Western philosophy for about two Millennia. While largely unknown in the theory-focused philosophy of physics/science prevailing nowadays, it was crucial for the development of both modern chemistry and biology, from syn-thetic chemistry to genetics and synthetic biology. Rather than discarding that as technology, or relabeling it as techno-science, this paper takes knowing-through-making as an epistemological principle of science proper and analyzes its role in the history of philosophy, chemistry, and biology up to the pres-ence. It argues for comparative epistemology of science, here for a com-parison between chemistry and biology, to develop a better understanding of the similarities and differences of the sciences, rather than lump them altogether and treat them according to ones favorite discipline, which has usually been physics. Taking knowing-through-making seriously also requires a new integration in philosophy of science that includes epistemology \(knowing\), ontology \(making something new\), and ethics \(the normative implications of changing the world\).)
/Keywords (Philosophy of Chemistry; Philosophy of Biology; verum-factum principle; knowing-through-making; comparative epistemology; synthetic chemistry; synthetic biology; integrated philosophy of science)
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Knowing-through-Making in Chemistry and Biology: A Study of Comparative Epistemology
Joachim Schummer
The epistemological idea according to which knowledge can and perhaps must be gained by the making of something new, has played a central role in Western philosophy for about two Millennia. While largely unknown in the theory-focused philosophy of physics/science prevailing nowadays, it was crucial for the development of both modern chemistry and biology, from syn-thetic chemistry to genetics and synthetic biology. Rather than discarding that as technology, or relabeling it as ‘techno-science’, this paper takes knowing-through-making as an epistemological principle of science proper and analyzes its role in the history of philosophy, chemistry, and biology up to the pres-ence. It argues for comparative epistemology of science, here for a com-parison between chemistry and biology, to develop a better understanding of the similarities and differences of the sciences, rather than lump them altogether and treat them according to one’s favorite discipline, which has usually been physics. Taking knowing-through-making seriously also requires a new integration in philosophy of science that includes epistemology (knowing), ontology (making something new), and ethics (the normative implications of changing the world).
Philosophy of Chemistry
Philosophy of Biology
verum-factum principle
knowing-through-making
comparative epistemology
synthetic chemistry
synthetic biology
integrated philosophy of science
Copyright 2021 by HYLE and Joachim Schummer
True
http://www.hyle.org/
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